UPSC Mains Exam - Political Science and International Relations

                              

POLITICAL SCIENCE AND 

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 2019

(Paper 1)

Marks: 250

Time Allowed: Three Hours

SECTION-A

1. Comment on the following in about 150 words each: 10x5=50 marks

1. (a) Resurgence of political theory.  10 marks
1. (b) Pluralist theory of the State.10 marks
1. (c) End of Ideology debate.10 marks
1. (d) Deliberative democracy. 10 marks
1. (e) M. K. Gandhi's concept of Swaraj.10 marks

2. (a)Explain Aristotle's critique of Plato's Idealism. 20 marks
2. (b) Examine communitarian perspectives on justice. 15 marks
2. (c) Compare negative and positive concepts of liberty. 15 marks

3. (a) According to Gramsci, 'hegemony is primarily based on the organisation of consent.' Comment.  20 marks
3.(b) Discuss Kautilya's views on the elements of the State.15 marks
3.(c) Distinguish between liberal feminism and radical feminism. 15 marks

4. (a) Critically examine Hannah Arendt's conceptual triad of labour, work and action. 20 marks
4. (b) Discuss the doctrine of 'rights as trumps'. 15 marks
4. (c) What is the contemporary relevance of Marxism ? 15 marks

 

Section-B

5. Comment on the following in about 150 words each: 50x5=50 marks

5. (a) Unity and integrity of India was perhaps the single uppermost factor in the minds of the Constitution makers. Comment. 10 
5. (b) Dalit perspective on Indian national movement. Discuss.
5. (c) Despite constitutional mandate the Inter-State Council has not come of age. Discuss. 
5. (d) Political decentralization has not been matched by administrative decentralization at the grass roots level. Explain 
5. (e) Write short note on the significance of Chipko Movement.

6. (a) National movement in India was anti-imperialist and increasingly radical in its socio-economic and political programmes. Discuss.
6. (b) What has been the political fallout of the Green Revolution in India ? Explain. 
6. (c) The changing socio-economic profile of our legislators does not augur well for the health of Indian democracy. Comment.

7. (a) Development has overshadowed the influence of caste in electoral behaviour in recent elections. Discuss. 
7. (b) The Comptroller and Auditor-General of India enhances the accountability of the Government and serves as the watchdog of the finances of the Government. Explain. 
7. (c) Discuss, in brief, the role of the National Commission for women. Do you think it is a toothless organization ? 

8. (a) “The basic structure doctrine is implicit in the Indian Constitution; the Supreme Court has only given it an explicit form." Comment. 
8. (b) Prime Minister's Office (PMO) has emerged as the most powerful institution in India. Discuss. 
8. (c) Comment on the relevance of the Directive Principles of State Policy in an era of liberalization and globalization. 

 

 (Paper 2)

Marks: 250

Time Allowed: Three Hours

SECTION-A

Q1. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: 10x5=50 marks

(a) Discuss the utility of Nuclear Deterrence Theory in the context of the recent standoff between India and Pakistan. 10 marks
(b) Write a brief note on the 17th NAM Summit in Venezuela. 10 marks
(c) In what way does the predominance of the USA in the UN funding affect its decision-making? 10 marks
(d) Evaluate the role of BIMSTEC in multi-sectoral technical and economic cooperation. 10 marks
(e) Do you think that sustainable development goals are really attainable by 2030? 10 marks

Q2. (a) Examine the significance of the comparative method in political analysis. Discuss its limitations. 20 marks
(b) Explain the reasons for low voter turnout in democratic countries with suitable examples. 15 marks
(c) Evaluate the role of the International Court of Justice in inter-State disputes. 15 marks

Q3. (a) Explain the relevance of the Marxist approach in the context of globalization. 20 marks
(b) Identify the benefits of a multi-polar world. 15 marks
(c) Discuss the importance of personal data protection in the context of human rights. 15 marks

Q4. (a) How are the rising powers challenging the USA and Western dominance in the IMF and the World Bank? 20 marks
(b) Write an essay on 'New Social Movements in developing countries.15 marks
(c) Is democracy promotion in developing countries a feasible idea? 15 marks

 

Section-B

Q5. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each : 10x5=50 marks

(a) Examine the role of 'parliamentary diplomacy' in India's foreign policy. 10 marks
(b) Compare and contrast Non-alignment 1.0 with Non-alignment 2.0. 10 marks
(c) How is India pursuing her foreign policy objectives through the IBSA Dialogue Forum (India, Brazil and South Africa)? 10 marks
(d) How is India responding to the idea of Indo-Pacific?10 marks
(e) "The growing closeness between India and Israel will strengthen the cause of Palestine." Comment. 10 marks

Q6. (a) Describe briefly China's 'One Belt One Road (OBOR)' Initiative and analyze India's major concerns. 20 marks
(b) What are the current issues in Brahmaputra River water sharing between India and China? 15 marks
(c) Analyze the recent trends in India's role in the UN peacekeeping operations. 15 marks

Q7. (a) Examine the increasing significance of maritime security in India's foreign policy. 20 marks
(b) Write a brief note on India's interests in West Asia. 15 marks
(c) How is the current standoff between the USA and Iran affecting India's energy security? 15 marks

Q8. (a) Evaluate India's vision of a new world order. 20 marks
(b) Critically examine India's position on South China Sea Dispute. 15 marks
(c) Given the recent developments in the region, do you think that there is a need to change India's 'No First Use (NFU)' nuclear policy?15 marks

 

CS (MAIN) EXAM:2018 

POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 

 

(Paper 1)

Marks: 250

Time Allowed: Three Hours

SECTION-A

1. Comment on the following in about 150 words each: 10x5=50 marks

1. (a) John Stuart Mill is a 'reluctant democrat”. - C. L. Wayper 10 marks
1. (b) Decline of Political Theory 10 marks
1. (c) Distributive Justice 10 marks
1. (d) Substantive Democracy 10 marks
1. (e) "Nothing against the State, nothing over it, nothing beyond it." - Mussolini 10 marks

2. (a) Critically examine the neo-liberal theory of State. 20 marks
2.(b) Analyse John Rawls justification of discrimination to achieve the goals of Justice.15 marks
2.(c) Equality means fair treatment rather than equal treatment. Comment. 15 marks

3. (a) What do you understand by three generations of Human Rights ? 20 marks
3. (b) Critically examine Macpherson's views on Democracy. 15 marks
3. (c) Explain the relationship between power, authority and legitimacy. 15 marks

4. (a) John Locke is the father of liberalism. Explain. 20 marks
4. (b) Discuss Ambedkar's ideas on 'annihilation of caste'. 15 marks
4. (c) Critically examine Machiavelli's views on religion and politics.15 marks

 

Section-B

5. Comment on the following in about 150 words each : 50x5=50 marks

5. (a) Revolt of 1857 is a 'Sepoy Mutiny' or 'First War of Independence'. 10 marks
5. (b) Indian Constitution is a "Lawyers' Paradise'. - Ivor Jennings 10 marks
5. (c) New Panchayat Raj is an effective instrument for women empowerment. 10 marks
5. (d) Implementation of GST and NEET is a major challenge to Indian federalism. 10 marks
5. (e) Political personalities are more significant than political parties in India. 10 marks

6. (a) Whether judicial activism has undermined or strengthened Parliamentary Democracy in India ? Discuss. 20 marks
6. (b) Do the Lieutenant Governors have more powers than the Governors of the States ? Explain.15 marks
6. (c) Critically examine the ethnic conflicts in North-East India. 15 marks

7. (a) Examine the provisions of Panchayat Extension Services Act (PESA), 1996. 20 marks
7. (b) Analyse the arguments in favour and against the lateral entry into higher civil services in India. 15 marks
7. (c) Discuss asymmetrical federalism in India. 15 marks

8. (a) Examine the various causes of agrarian crisis in India. 20 marks
8. (b) Explain the increasing role of regional political parties in the national politics. 15 marks
8. (c) Critically analyse the environmentalist movement in Tuticorin, Tamilnadu. 15 marks

 

 (Paper 2)

Marks: 250

Time Allowed: Three Hours

 

SECTION-A

Q1. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: 10x5=50 marks

(a) Describe the changing nature of Comparative Politics. Briefly explain the Political Economy approach to the study of Comparative Politics. 10 marks
(b) Describe the changing nature of the State in the developing societies in the context of inclusive growth in the 21st century.10 marks
(c) How big a role does identity play in determining political participation in the developing countries ? Discuss your answer with suitable illustrations. 10 marks
(d) Bring out the major differences between the Classical Realism of Hans Morgenthau and the Neorealism of Kenneth Waltz. 10 marks
(e) What, according to Joseph Nye, are the major sources of a country's soft power? Discuss its relevance in the contemporary world politics. 10 marks

Q2. (a) Discuss the significance of Non-Aligned Movement as a unique contribution of the Non-Western world to World Politics. 20 marks
(b) Discuss the consequences of Trump's "America First" and Xi's "Chinese Dream" on World Politics. 15 marks
(c) "Some feel Multinational Corporations (MNCs) are a vital new road to economic growth, whereas others feel they perpetuate underdevelopment." Discuss. 15 marks

Q3. (a) Discuss the relevance of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on the security of women in conflict zones. 20 marks
(b) Would you agree that the on-going debates on international environmental politics continue to be marred by a new North-South ideological divide over historical responsibility and developmental model ? Illustrate your answer with suitable examples. 15 marks
(c) "Since its inception the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) has failed to deliver on its promises." What initiatives should be taken to reinvigorate the organization ? 15 marks

Q4. (a) Critically examine the notion of "Asian Values" in the context of the on-going debates on human rights. 20 marks
(b) Discuss the implications of the Trump-Kim Singapore Summit on the prospects of denuclearisation of the Korean Peninsula. | 15 marks
(c) Critically examine the Functionalist approach to the study of International Relations. 15 marks

Section-B

Q5. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each : 10x5=50 marks

(a). Do you agree with the view that the Indian Foreign Policy is increasingly being shaped by the Neoliberal outlook ? Elaborate. | 10 marks
(b) "India is often said to have a rich strategic culture." Discuss. 10 marks
(c) Evaluate India's stand on the recent Rohingya refugee issue. 10 marks
(d) "India's current foreign policy marks significant qualitative shifts from that of the previous regimes." Discuss. 10 marks
(e) Analyse the significance of India's Look East Policy in the light of concerns of the indigenous peoples of North-east India. 10 marks

Q6. (a) India's coalitional diplomacy within the WTO has earned it wide appreciation. What accounts for the success of India's coalitional diplomacy? 20 marks
(b) "India's capacity building programmes under the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) has earned much goodwill for it in Africa." Discuss. 15 marks
(c) "India's Research and Information System for Developing Countries" (RIS) is a major initiative in the area of South-South Cooperation. Discuss. 15 marks

Q7. (a) Discuss the role of the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) in promoting India's soft power abroad. 20 marks
(b) Discuss the role of Indian diaspora in promoting Indo-US relations. 15 marks
(c) Discuss the various impediments in India's way to a permanent seat in the Security Council. 15 marks

Q8. (a) Do you think that India's capacity building role in Afghanistan has shrunk the strategic space for Pakistan there? Discuss. 20 marks
(b) Critically assess the evolving convergence of India and China in the areas of trade and environment. 15 marks
(c) Do you agree that the growing assertiveness of China is leading to multilayered Indo-Japan relations ? Comment. 15 marks

 

UPSC Mains Exam 2017

POLITICAL SCIENCE Optional

(Paper-1)

Marks: 250

Time Allowed: Three Hours

SECTION A

Q1. Comment on the following in about 150 words each:  (10×5=50 Marks)

(a) According to Sri Aurobindo, Swaraj is a necessary condition for India to accomplish its destined goal.
(b) Neo-liberal perspective of State
(c) Post-modernism
(d) Eco-feminism
(e) Hobbesian notion of Political Obligation

Q2. (a) Rawls' theory of justice is both contractual and distributive. Examine. (20 Marks)
(b) Everywhere, inequality is a cause of revolution - Aristotle. Comment. (15 Marks)
(c) Define Socialism. Discuss the salient features of Fabian Socialism. (15 Marks)

Q3. (a) What do you understand by Multiculturalism? Discuss Bhikhu Parekh's view on Multiculturalism. (20 Marks)
(b) Deliberative democracy does not have its salience without participation and participatory democracy does not have its credence without deliberations. Comment. (15 Marks)
(c) Differentiate between Freedom and Liberty. Discuss Marx's notion of freedom. (15 Marks)

Q4. (a) Political democracy could not last unless social democracy lay at its base - B.R. Ambedkar. Comment. (20 Marks)
(b) Write a brief note on The End of History debate. (15 Marks)
(c) What do you understand by the notion of Statecraft? Discuss the theory of statecraft as given by Kautilya. (15 Marks)

SECTION B

Q5. Comment on the following in about 150 words each: (10×5=50 Marks)

(a) The success of Mahatma Gandhi lay in transforming both political and non-political movements into a unified nationalist movement.
(b) Right to privacy is an intrinsic part of the right to life.
(c) Indian federation has moved from cooperative federation to competitive federation.
(d) State subvention/funding may be an effective instrument in strengthening electoral democracy in India.
(e) In the post-liberalization era, Indian politics is moving from ascriptive politics to developmental politics.

Q6. (a) Differentiate parliamentary supremacy from parliamentary sovereignty. Would you consider the Indian Parliament as a Sovereign Parliament? Examine. (20 Marks)
(b) Has the 73rd Constitutional Amendment empowered women in panchayats in India? Discuss. (15 Marks)
(c) Religion is still an important factor in Indian politics. Discuss. (15 Marks)

Q7. (a) India has moved from 'one-party dominant system' to 'one-party led coalition'. Discuss. (20 Marks)
(b) How is the President of India elected? Outline the salient characteristics of the electoral college of the Indian President. (15 Marks)
(c) Examine the role of the National Commission for Minorities in preserving, promoting and protecting the rights of minorities in India. (15 Marks)

Q8. (a) Judiciary has acquired the role of both, a legislature and an executive in recent years. Examine with suitable examples. (20 Marks)
(b) What do you understand by Green Revolution? Do you think that a Second Green Revolution is needed to adequately address the agrarian challenges in contemporary India? Examine. (15 Marks)
(c) Differentiate Moderate Nationalism from Extremist/Militant Nationalism in terms of their objectives and means. (15 Marks)

 (Paper-2)

Marks: 250

Time Allowed: Three Hours

SECTION A

Q1. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (10×5=50 Marks)

(a) Explain the Political-Sociological Approach in the field of comparative politics and discuss its limitations.
(b) Critically examine the Globalisation in the past 25 years from the perspectives of the Western world.
(c) Examine the LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender) movement: in developed societies and how it is affecting the political participation in developing societies.
(d) American President: Donald Trump's proposal to withdraw from the ‘NAFTA’ would bring unforeseen consequences to the regionalisation of world politics. Elaborate.
(e) Give an assessment of the Feminist critique of contemporary global issues.

Q2. (a) Is Realist Approach the best method to understand International Relations? Examine this in the context or Classical Realism. (20 Marks)
(b) How has the development of Global capitalism changed the nature of socialist economies and developing societies? (15 Marks)
(c) Discuss the changing nature of modem state with reference to transnational actors. (15 Marks)

Q3. (a) “The development or advanced missile technology and nuclear threat by North Korea has challenged the American hegemony in South-East Asia.” Evaluate the above statement in the context of recent developments in the region. (20 Marks)
(b) Do you endorse the view that the end of Bipolarity and the rise of multiple regional organisations has made Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) more or less irrelevant? (15 Marks)
(c) Do you agree with the view that despite the limitations in the functioning of the UN, it has distinguished and unique achievements to its credit? (15 Marks)

Q4. (a) The recent move of USA to withdraw from the Paris climate Agreement is a setback in the consensus achieved on protecting the world environment. In this context, assess the future prospective on climate control. (20 Marks)
(b) How has ‘BREXIT’ affected the regionalisation process initiated by European Union and what could be its likely impacts in the regionalisation process of world politics? (15 Marks)
(c) Examine the World System Approach as developed by Emmanuel Wallerstein. (15 Marks)

 

SECTION- B

Q5. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: (10×5=50 Marks)

(a) Examine the Indian National Movement and Geographical location of India as determinants of India’s foreign policy.
(b) What are the impediments of the developments of South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA)?
(c) “The treaty of Perpetual Peace and Friendship between India and Bhutan needs to be revised with more pragmatic, realistic obligations and responsibilities.” Comment.
(d) “India has been the largest and consistent country contributing to the UN peacekeepers worldwide.” Examine India’s role in this perspective.
(e) Has the recent Indo-Israeli relationships given a new dynamics to India’s stand on Palestinian’s statehood?

Q6. (a) Suggest measures so that India’s partnership with Africa becomes a true symbol of South-South Cooperation, delivering clear-cut economic and political dividends to both side of the equation. (20 Marks)
(b) “Despite the difference between India and Pakistan on various issues, Indus Water Treaty has stood the test of time.” In the light of this statements, discuss the recent developments over the issue. (15 Marks)
(c) Analyse the stalled progress of Doha Round of WTO negotiations over the differences between the developed and the developing countries. (15 Marks)

Q7. (a) How is the “Belt and Road Initiative” of China going to affect India-China relationship? (20 Marks)
(b) The recent difference between India and Russia are the result of misconceptions than fact. Elucidate. (15 Marks)
(c) ‘Uniting for Census’ also known as ‘Coffee Club’ has opposed the claims of India and other countries over permanent membership of the UN Security Council. Point out their major objections. (15 Marks)

Q8. (a) The natural behaviour of India and the United States is likely to serve each other’s interests. Hence, a deliberate strategy of dovetailing their efforts will obviously benefit both. Elaborate. (20 Marks)
(b) Do you subscribe to the idea that in the new evolving Asian dynamics, Japan and India have not only moved closer in economic cooperation but also in strategic partnership? (15 Marks)
(c) The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) has failed to achieve the ultimate objective of Global Nuclear Department. Discuss the deficiency in the provision of NPT. (15 Marks)

 

UPSC Mains Optional Political Science - 2016

Paper -1

Section-A

1. Comment on the following in about 150 words each : 10x5=50 marks

(a) "How would I and my fellow human beings behave if we were to find ourselves in a state of nature, and what does this behaviour tell us about our innate predispositions ?" (Thomas Hobbes) 10 marks
(b) The Post-Behavioural Approach. 10 marks
(c) Affirmative Action. 10 marks
(d) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar's idea of state socialism. 10 marks
(e) Gramsci's concept of Hegemony. 10 marks

2. (a) "The Political ideology of Globalization is Neo-liberalism." Comment. 20 marks
(b) Discuss Feminist theory of the State. 15 marks
(c) Critically examine John Rawl's argument for democratic equality. 15 marks

3. (a) Discuss Sri Aurobindo's views on Cultural Nationalism. 20 marks
(b) Explain Marx's understanding of Human Essence and Alienation. 15 marks
(c) "The implementation of human rights is regarded as a matter of changing the conduct of States." Comment. 15 marks

4. (a) Discuss Hannah Arendt's analysis of the role of Ideology in modern totalitarian regimes.20 marks
(b)  Explicate the features of Representative Democracy. 15 marks
(c) Examine Gandhi's critique of Modernisation 15 marks

SECTION-B

5. Comment on the following in about 150 words cach: 10x5=50  marks

(a) Critically examine the Radical Humanist perspective on Indian National Movement. 10 marks
(b) Cultural and Regional differences are the enduring bases on which politics is played out in India. 10 marks
(c) Article 368 does not enable Parliament to alter the basic structure or framework of the Constitution'. 10 marks
(d) The purpose of the 42nd Constitutional Amendment was to make the economic and social democracy explicitly visible. 10 marks
(e) The philosophy and administration of the distribution of powers between Centre and State is required to be re-assessed. 10 marks

6. (a) Critically examine the politics of Economic growth in India.  20 marks
(b) Comment on the emergence of Backward classes in the Indian Politics. 15 marks
(c) Discuss the pattern of Political Parties from one dominant party system to coalition politics in national politics. 15 marks

7. (a) Land reforms have failed in the eradication of rural poverty. Comment. 20 marks
(b) Critically examine the role of Governor in recent times. 15 marks
(c) Discuss the Right to Information and underline challenges being posed before it. 15 marks

8. (a) The goal of Good governance will be achieved only by strengthening the grass root level democracy. 20 marks
(b) Examine the objective and role of the National Human Rights Commission. 15  marks
(c) Critically examine the provisions made in the Constitution for the protection of Environment. 15 marks
 

 Paper -2
Section-A

1. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each : 10x5=50 marks

(a) Critically examine the Marxist aspect of political economy approach to the study of comparative politics.
(b) Comment on the decline of political parties and examine whether slew social movements shall be alternative strategy for establishing link between government and society.
(c) Discuss the impact of globalization on the internal functioning of the state.
(d) Critically examine the functional and system approaches to the study of international relations,
(e) "A combination of internal pressures (ethnic and regional forces) and external threats (EU, UN, TNC, global market, etc) has produced what is commonly referred to as a 'crisis of the nation-state'." Elaborate.

2. (a)Why does global human security need to be emphasized along with economic security? Explain with examples. 20 marks
(b) Do you endorse that the United Nations needs major changes in its structures and functioning? Suggest the changes for efficient improvements. 15 marks
(c) Discuss the evolution of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons in the post-Cold War period. 15 marks

3.(a) "The IMF, World Bank, G-7, GATT and other structures are designed to serve the interests of TNCs, banks and investment firms in a 'new imperial age'." Substantiate with examples of governance of new world order. 20 marks
(b)Examine in brief the rise and fall of the Cold War.  15 marks
(c) How does the regionalism shape the world politics? Explain with examples. 15 marks

4. (a) Explain the instruments and methods devised for the promotion of national interest.
(b) "The notion of balance of power is notoriously full of confusion." In the light of this quotation, do you think that the concept of balance of power is relevant? 15 marks
(c) Do interest groups help to promote democracy or to undermine it? Give your opinion. 15 marks

SECTION—B

5. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each  10x5=50 marks

(a) Which determinant factors play an important role in making India's foreign policy? Illustrate with examples.
(b) Comment on India's contribution to Non-Alignment Movement and its contemporary relevance.
(c) Illustrate the main causes of tension between India and China. Suggest the possibilities of improving relationship.
(d) Critically analyze India's nuclear policy.
(e) "Sometimes we visualize that SAARC's efforts come to halt because of various impediments to regional cooperation." Elaborate with reasonable examples of impediments.

6. (a)Explain Britain's ouster from EU and bring out its consequences on world economy in general and India in particular. 20 marks
(b) Comment on India's growing relationship with USA in the background of constrained relations between India and China. 15 marks
(c) Critically analyze China's role in international politics against India's demand for permanent seat in UN Security Council. 15 marks

7. (a) Examine the main problems and challenges involved in looking after environmental concerns in world politics. 20 marks
(b) Explain the concept of the North-South divide and suggest how structural inequalities between the high wage, high investment industrial North and low wage, low investment predominantly rural South can be reduced. 15 marks
(c) Discuss the positive and negative impacts of Soviet Union's disintegration on developing nations. 15 marks

8. (a) Explain the socio-economic impacts of arms race and identify the obstacles in the way of disarmament 20 marks.
(b) What are the hopes and aspirations of 'Look East Policy of India? Explain. 15  marks
(c) Discuss the shift of India's foreign policy towards Pakistan in the light of Pathankot incident. 15 marks

UPSC Mains 2015

Political Science & International Relations 

 Paper -1
SECTION-A

1. Comment on the following in about 150 words each : 10x5=50 marks

(a) Idea of Natural Rights
(b) Aristotle’s Conception of Equality
(c) Difference Principle* in Rawls’ Theory of Justice
(d) Difference between Participatory and Deliberative Democracy
(e) Gandhi’s Views on State

2. (a) Examine the challenges to sovereignty of the State in the contemporary world. 20 marks
(b)Discuss the key features of pre-Marxist socialist theory. 15 marks
(c) Compare and contrast the views of Kautilya and Machiavelli on Statecraft. 15 marks

3. (a) “Plato was an enemy of the open society.” (Popper) Comment. 20 marks
(b) Discuss the relationship between base and superstructure in Marxist theory. 15 marks
(c) Distinguish between Power and Authority. 15 marks

4. (a) Discuss the ‘crisis of legitimacy’ in capitalist societies. (Habermas) 20 marks
(b) Discuss Gramsci’s notion of ‘organic intellectuals’. 15 marks
(c) Discuss David Easton’s model of systems analysis. 15 marks

SECTION-B

5. Comment on the following in about 150 words each : 10x5=50 marks

(a) Secularism in the Indian Constitution
(b) Satyagraha as a Strategy in the Indian National Movement
(c) 99th Amendment of the Indian Constitution
(d) Structure and Function of NITI Aayog
(e) Cooperative Federalism in India

6. (a) Discuss the efficacy of judicial review in India. 20 marks
(b) Critically analyze the discretionary powers granted to the Governor by the Indian Constitution. 15 marks
(c) “Identity politics has trumped development politics in India.” Comment. 15 marks

7. (a) In the light of neo-economic policies adopted since 1991, examine the relevance of the term ‘socialist' in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution. 20 marks
(b) Identify the contested areas in Centre-State relations in India. 15 marks
(c) Discuss the ‘Right to Education* and the concerns raised by it. 15 marks

8. (a) Trftem^fou j Examine the role of Panchayati Raj Institutions and Urban Local Bodies in deepening of democracy in India. 20 marks
(b) Compare the Nehruvian and Gandhian models of development. 15 marks
(c) Account for the rise of regional political parties and assess their role in contemporary India. 15 marks

 Paper -2
SECTION-A

l. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each : 10x5=50 marks

(a) Which are the major approaches of comparative politics ? Explain in brief, the political economy approach to the study of comparative inquiry. 10 marks
(b) Do you subscribe to the view that the modern constructs of the State and politics are pre-eminently Eurocentric and not indigenous and appropriate for the analysis of non-western societies ? 10 marks
(c) Identify the major differences between the classical realism of Hans J. Morgenthau and the neorealism of Kenneth Waltz. Which approach is best, suited for analysing international relations after the Cold War? 10 marks
(d) Is globalization essentially a process of ‘universalisation’ of capitalist modernity? 10 marks
(e) What is the difference between Interest Groups and Pressure Groups ? Are the Pressure Groups in India in a position to fully protect or promote the interests of their members ? 10 marks

2. (a) ‘The struggle for democracy has been marked by bitter strife and tribulations.’ Examine the statement, illustrating the cases of Pakistan, Nepal and Myanmar. 20 marks
(b) Discuss the theory of Nuclear Deterrence. Did Nuclear Deterrence prevent a superpower war ? 15 marks
(c) What are the real objectives of Millennium Development Goals (MDG) ? Do you think that millennium development goals have been able to achieve the desired goals of poverty alleviation and sustainable development? 15 marks

3. (a) Do you endorse that the conventional discourse on human rights has failed to include women’s rights ? Explain in the context of feminist theories. 12+8=20 marks
(b) How far are the world governance mechanisms, dominated by IMF and World Bank, legitimate and relevant ? What measures do you suggest to improve their effectiveness in global governance ? 15 marks
(c) Discuss the collapse of the Soviet Union and its impact on international politics. 15 marks

4. (a) Has the reform of the economic and social arrangements of the United Nations been effective ? 20 marks
(b) ‘The European Union has become, the most politically influential, , economically powerful and demographically diverse regional entity in the world.’ Discuss. 15 marks
(c) How is it that economic and neo-liberal globalization is being interrogated from inside even in developed countries ? What are the economic consequences of such globalization ? 15 marks

SECTION-B

5. Answer the following questions in about 150 words each: 10x5=50

(a) The social structure of a country influences its foreign policy-making. How does the social structure of India impact the course and direction of its foreign policy ? 10 marks
(b) ‘Non-alignment’ has been the basic principle of India’s foreign policy since independence. Discuss its relevance in the contemporary context. 10 marks
(c) Identify the constraints challenges to the regional cooperation in . South Asia. 10 marks
(d) Ethnic conflicts and insurgencies in North-East India can be better managed by improving relations with the neighbouring countries. Substantiate the statement with suitable examples. 10 marks
(e) How does the Parliament determine and influence the making of India’s foreign policy ? 10 marks

6. (a) Before the year 2000, the Indo-U.S. relationship has been marked more with estrangement than cordiality. Why ? 20 marks
(b) ‘Economic interest has emerged as the main component of India’s foreign policy.’ Discuss the statement in the light of India’s initiatives to improve relations with China, Japan and the Central Asian republics. 15 marks
(c) In 1998, India declared itself as a nuclear weapon state. India refuses to sign, NPT and CTBT. What would be the implications for India’s nuclear - policy in case it signs both the treaties ? 15 marks

7. (a) Vision of a new world order has emerged as the major objective of India’s foreign policy. Discuss the policy initiative taken by India in this regard and the challenges faced by it. 20 marks
(b) Discuss the factors for the decline of India’s presence in Latin America. 15 marks
(c) River water disputes are emerging as a major source of irritation between India and its neighbours. Identify the sources of conflicts and suggest the remedial measures. 15 marks

8. (a) The United Nations completes 70 years of its establishment in 2015. What reforms is India asking for to strengthen the global institutions of governance and why ? 20 marks
(b) Discuss the realistic foreign policy initiatives taken by India to balance its relations between Israel and the Arab world. 15 marks
(c) Discuss the humanitarian role played by India in the crisis-stricken Gulf countries like Yemen and Iraq. 15 marks