CS (MAIN) EXAM:2020 ANTHROPOLOGY
(Paper I)
Marks:
250 Time Allowed : Three Hours
SECTION-A
Q1. Write notes on the following in about 150
words each:
(a) Natufian culture
(b) Sapir-Whorf
hypothesis
(c) (Cultural
relativism) Human rights and Cultural relativism
(d) (Liminality)
Victor Turner and Liminality
(e) Jane Goodall's
contributions in studying primate behaviour
Q2. (a) Critically evaluate the contesting
theories of the emergence and dispersal of modern Homo Sapiens.
(b) Discuss Erving
Goffman's concept of total institutions and its relevance in contemporary
society.
(c) Differentiate
between Lower Palaeolithic culture and Middle Palaeolithic culture with
suitable examples.
Q3. (a) Explain the impact of
feminist movement on universality of marriage and family structure.
(b) Critically examine
the demographic and epidemiological consequences with rise in food production
and sedentism.
(c) Elucidate how
Darwin and Post-Darwin theories of evolution resulted in the development of
Synthetic theory of evolution.
Q4. (a) Discuss various anthropological
approaches to the study of personality and culture.
(b) Illustrate with
examples the various types of locomotion patterns among the non-human primates.
(c) How is the
construct of power linked to the notion of conspicuous consumption and its
impact on distributive justice ?
Section-B
Q5. Write notes
on the following in about 150 words each :
(a) (Eugenics) Racism
and Eugenics
(b) Genetic drift
(c) Experiential
Ethnography
(e) Ethics and
Genetic engineering
(e) Senescence
Q6. (a) Secular trend in human growth can be
positive, negative or neutral. Illustrate with examples.
(b) Describe the
impact of infectious diseases on indigenous populations.
(c) How may numerical
aberrations in sex chromosomes lead to genetic disorders?
Q7. (a) Explain how variations in language
usage is related to social inequality.
(b) Describe the
biocultural responses to extreme climatic events.
(c) How do
marriage rules impact the gene pool of populations ?
Q8. (a) How can synergising the core branches
of anthropology reinvigorate the holistic spirit of the discipline ?
(b) What are the
applications of human genomic research in human welfare?
(c) How have
interpretation and presentation of data changed from classical to contemporary
writings in anthropological texts ?
CS (MAIN)
EXAM:2020 ANTHROPOLOGY (Paper II)
Marks: 250 Time Allowed :
Three Hours
SECTION-A
1.Write short notes on
the following in about 150 words each :
1.(a)Contribution of Robert Bruce Foote to Indian Archaeology
1.(b)Debates on 'Aryan' invasion
1.(c)Contribution of K. S. Singh to Indian Anthropology
1.(d)Dravidian languages
1.(e)'Khap' Panchayat
2.(a)Discuss the impact
of Islam on Indian Society.
2.(b)Discuss the contribution of V. N. Misra to Archaeological
Anthropology in India.
2.(c)Elucidate the linguistic
classification of Indian tribes.
3.(a)Discuss the
characteristics of caste system in India.
3.(b)Discuss the importance of Ethnoarchaeology in
reconstructing the Past citing Indian examples.
3.(c)Explain the impact of Hinduism on Tribal people of India.
4.(a)Explain the reasons of caste violence in India with
suitable examples.
4.(b)Discuss the impact of Globalization on Indian villages.
4.(c)Describe the provisions under 6th Schedule of Indian constitution.
Section-B
5.Write short notes on
the following in about 150 words each :
5.(a)Concept of Sanskritisation
5.(b)'Narmada' Man
5.(c)Concept of 'Dominant' caste
5.(d)Linguistic minorities in India
5.(e)Concept of Ethnicity
6.(a)What are the Social
and Political problems of religious minorities in India?
(b)Describe the functions of Tribal Research Institutes in
India.
(c)Discuss the effect of job reservation in alleviating
unemployment among the tribal people of India.
7.(a) Explain the impact
of development-induced displacemic in India with suitable examples.nent-induced
displacement among the tribal people.
(b)Discuss the characteristic features of 'Neolithic culture' in
India.
(c)Critically evaluate the state of implementation of the
constitutional safeguards for the scheduled castes.
8.(a) Discuss the
regionalism and demand for autonomy in India from Anthropological perspective
with respect to Kashmir/Nagaland/Bodoland/Gorkhaland agitation.
8(b)Elucidate the problems of land alienation among the tribals
of India.
8.(c)Describe the different settlement patterns in rural India.
CS (MAIN)
EXAM:2019 ANTHROPOLOGY (Paper I)
Marks:
250 Time Allowed : Three Hours
SECTION-A
Q1. Write notes on the
following in about 150 words each: 10x5=50 marks
(a)
The relationship between Linguistics and Social-Cultural Anthropology 10 Marks
(b) Cultural Relativism 10 Marks
(c) Pastoralism in India 10 Marks
(d) Cultural Materialism 10 Marks
(e) Relative Dating Methods 10 Marks
Q2.
(a) Discuss the evolutionary significance of bipedalism and erect posture. 20
Marks
(b) How did Radcliffe-Brown and Levi-Strauss study kinship in terms of social
structure ? 15 Marks
(c) Elucidate Mesolithic culture and associated rock art with examples from
India. 15 Marks
Q3.
(a) Discuss social stratification according to any three major approaches. 20
Marks
(b) "Europeans are closer to Neanderthals.” Critically discuss in view of
the African origin of humankind. 15 marks
(c) Discuss briefly the major traditions in the Upper Palaeolithic culture of
Europe. 15 marks
Q4. (a) With reference to the somatoscopic and morphometric
characteristics commonly used for racial classification, make critical comments
as to whether 'Race' is a valid concept. 20 Marks
(b)
Critically explain the anthropological approaches to religion. 15 marks
(c) Differentiate between transient and balanced genetic polymorphism.
Illustrate your answer with suitable examples from human populations. 15 marks
Section-B
Q5. Write notes on the
following in about 150 words each: 10x5=50 marks
(a)
Adaptive primate radiation
(b) Implications of mutation in evolution
(e) Olduvai Gorge
(d) Anthropological inputs in facial reconstruction
(e) Genetico-environmental factors affecting human growth
Q6.
(a) Examine critically the contributions of Victor Turner and Clifford Geertz
in anthropology. 20 marks
(b) “Human adaptations are always bio-cultural in nature.” Discuss with
reference to human adaptation to high-altitude climate.15 marks
(c) Discuss the methods of studying human growth with their merits and
demerits. 15 marks
Q7.
(a) Discuss how indigenous people encounter globalization. 20 marks
(b) “Applied human genetics has come to touch every sphere of human life.”
Discuss in light of recent advances in molecular anthropology.
15 marks
(c) Evaluate participant observation in producing anthropological knowledge.
15 marks
Q8.
(a) Discuss with examples the Megalithic culture of India in the archaeological
context. 20 marks
(b) Discuss the bio-cultural factors influencing fertility in light of the
relationship between fecundity and fertility. 15 marks
(c) Discuss phenomenology as a research method in anthropological studies.
15 marks
CS (MAIN)
EXAM:2019 ANTHROPOLOGY (Paper II)
Marks:
250 Time Allowed : Three Hours
SECTION-A
Q1. Write notes on the
following in about 150 words each: 10x5=50 marks
(a)
Phylogenetic position and morphological features of Ramapithecus
(b) Ethno-archaeological analysis of hunting activities of contemporary tribal
communities.
(c) Distribution of Tibeto-Burman group of languages in India.
(d) Use of doctrine of Karma and rebirth in justifying the Varna system.
(e) The Jajmani system and contemporary market economy.
Q2.
(a) Describe the Palaeolithic culture with special reference to Soanian
tradition. Indicate the problems of describing the Indian Palaeolithic. 20
Marks
(b) What has been the contribution of tribal people to the Indian Independence
movement ? 15 Marks
(c) Describe the impact of Buddhism on the tribal populations of
India.15 Marks
Q3.
(a) What kind of society may be reconstructed from the archaeological evidences
of Harappan culture?. 20 Marks
(b) Discuss the impact of media on the social life of Indian
villages. 15 marks
(c) Critically assess the existing plans and programmes meant for tribal
welfare.15 marks
Q4. (a) Give an account of the contributions of Iravati
Karve and B. S. Guha to the analysis of race and caste in India. 20 Marks
(b)
What has been the impact of development projects on the environment and
livelihood of forest-dwelling tribes ?. 15 marks
(c) Identify some special programmes for particularly vulnerable Tribal Groups
(erstwhile PTGs). 15 marks
Section-B
Q5. Write short notes on the
following in about 150 words each: 10x5=50 marks
(a)
Ethnicity and regionalism.
(b) Panchayati Raj as a facilitator of social inclusion in rural society.
(c) Anthropological understanding of communalism.
(d) Issues relating to tribal education.
(e) Distribution of Neolithic sites in India.
Q6.
(a) Identify the theoretical concepts that have emerged out of village studies
in India. . 20 marks
(b) Critically discuss the role of NGOs in tribal
development.15 marks
(c) Describe the impact of industrialization on the economic and social aspects
of India's villages. 15 marks
Q7.
(a) Discuss how the elements of Little and Great Traditions combine in the
emergence of social/political/religious movements, giving any one example to
illustrate the issue.20 marks
(b) Write about the role of colonial administration in the development of
Anthropology in India.15 marks
(c) What are the salient issues faced by pastoral communities in India ?
Discuss with suitable examples. 15 marks
Q8.
(a) Discuss with appropriate examples how tribal unrest may be understood as
emerging out of an incompatibility between tribes and the nation-state. .
20 marks
(b) What has been the impact of non-Hindu religions on the emancipation of
Schedule Castes in India ? 15 marks
(c) What are the constitutional safeguards to protect the interests of the
Indian tribes? 15 marks
------------------------------------------------------
CS (MAIN)
EXAM:2018 ANTHROPOLOGY (Paper I)
Marks: 250 Time Allowed : Three Hours
SECTION-A
Q1. Write notes on the
following in about 150 words each: 10x5=50 marks
(a)
The Relevance of Anthropology 10 marks
(b) Difference between Science and Magic 10 marks
(c) Town Planning of Harappan Culture 10 marks
(d) Kinship Terminology 10 marks
(e) Ways of Acquiring Mate in Tribal Society 10 marks
Q2.
(a) Explain the biological changes that made human beings capable of making
culture. 20 marks
(b) How does customary law function in the tribal society ? Discuss its
different sources. 15 marks
(c) What do you understand by the National Character Study ? Illustrate the
concept. 15 marks
Q3.
(a) Define ethnography and present a brief history of ethnographic studies.
20 marks
(b) Give an account of the consequences of food production of Neolithic
culture. 15 marks
(c) Critically examine that the structure and content of language are
influenced by culture 15 marks
Q4.
(a) How is case study method helpful in understanding a social phenomena?
Explain with suitable example. 20 marks
(b) Describe the culture related to Homo erectus. 15 marks
(c) Write the characteristics of hunting and gathering economy. 15 marks
Section-B
Q5. Write notes on the
following in about 150 words each: 10x5=50 marks
(a)
Gordon Child's Theory of Cultural Evolution 10 marks
(b) Advanced Molecular Anthropology Techniques 10 marks
(e) Categorize Genes that influence Human Survival. 10 marks
(d) Race is a Myth. Justify its Present Day Relevance. 10 marks
(e) Issues of Elderly and Senescence in Developing and Developed Countries
10 marks
Q6.
(a) Explain the mechanisms of human variation in gene frequencies.
20 marks
(b) Do Allen's rule and Bergmann's rule hold for human populations? Explain
with examples.15 marks
(c) Explain the impact of discovery of iron technology on contemporary Society.
15 marks
Q7.
(a) Describe the mechanisms for structural anomalies of auto somes with
diagrams. 20 marks
(b) Describe the principles of radiocarbon dating. Mention its limitations.
15 marks
(c) Narrate evolution of disease and major causes of ill health in human
populations. 15 marks
Q8.
(a) Distinguish between adaptation, adaptability and acclimatization with
Examples. 20 marks
(b) Define fecundity and explain major factors affecting fecundity in Indian
populations. 15 marks
(c) Give an account of the field methods used in the study of Archaeological
Anthropology 15 marks
CS (MAIN)
EXAM:2018 ANTHROPOLOGY (Paper I)
Marks: 250 Time Allowed : Three Hours
SECTION-A
Q1. Write notes on the
following in about 150 words each: 10x5=50 marks
(a)
The Relevance of Anthropology 10 marks
(b) Difference between Science and Magic 10 marks
(c) Town Planning of Harappan Culture 10 marks
(d) Kinship Terminology 10 marks
(e) Ways of Acquiring Mate in Tribal Society 10 marks
Q2.
(a) Explain the biological changes that made human beings capable of making
culture. 20 marks
(b) How does customary law function in the tribal society ? Discuss its
different sources. 15 marks
(c) What do you understand by the National Character Study ? Illustrate the
concept. 15 marks
Q3.
(a) Define ethnography and present a brief history of ethnographic studies.
20 marks
(b) Give an account of the consequences of food production of Neolithic
culture. 15 marks
(c) Critically examine that the structure and content of language are
influenced by culture 15 marks
Q4.
(a) How is case study method helpful in understanding a social phenomena?
Explain with suitable example. 20 marks
(b) Describe the culture related to Homo erectus. 15 marks
(c) Write the characteristics of hunting and gathering economy. 15 marks
Section-B
Q5. Write notes on the
following in about 150 words each: 10x5=50 marks
(a)
Gordon Child's Theory of Cultural Evolution 10 marks
(b) Advanced Molecular Anthropology Techniques 10 marks
(e) Categorize Genes that influence Human Survival. 10 marks
(d) Race is a Myth. Justify its Present Day Relevance. 10 marks
(e) Issues of Elderly and Senescence in Developing and Developed Countries
10 marks
Q6.
(a) Explain the mechanisms of human variation in gene frequencies.
20 marks
(b) Do Allen's rule and Bergmann's rule hold for human populations? Explain
with examples.15 marks
(c) Explain the impact of discovery of iron technology on contemporary Society.
15 marks
Q7.
(a) Describe the mechanisms for structural anomalies of auto somes with
diagrams. 20 marks
(b) Describe the principles of radiocarbon dating. Mention its limitations.
15 marks
(c) Narrate evolution of disease and major causes of ill health in human
populations. 15 marks
Q8.
(a) Distinguish between adaptation, adaptability and acclimatization with
Examples. 20 marks
(b) Define fecundity and explain major factors affecting fecundity in Indian
populations. 15 marks
(c) Give an account of the field methods used in the study of Archaeological
Anthropology 15 marks
----------------------------------------------------
UPSC IAS Mains Exam
2017
ANTHROPOLOGY (Paper-1)
Marks: 250 Time Allowed: 3 Hours
SECTION – A
Q1. Write short notes
on the following in about 150 words each.
(a) Bilincal and
bilateral descents.
(b) Difference between religion and magic.
(c) Basic tenets of structural-functionalism.
(d) Non-verbal communication.
(e) Questionnaire.
Q2.
(a) Discuss the
development of the concept of cultural in Anthropology.
(b) Elucidate the determinants of kinship terminology.
(c) Discuss the Different forms of preferential marriage with suitable examples
from tribal societies in India.
Q3.
(a) Discuss the
different traditional forms of religion in tribal societies.
(b) Mention the characteristics features of band with suitable examples.
(c) With the help of appropriate example, explain the various forms of exchange
system.
Q4.
(a) Explain Ruth
Benedict’s patterns of culture.
(b) Elucidate the basic characteristics of anthropological fieldwork methods.
(c) Critically examine the Stewardian view of neo-evolutionism.
SECTION B
Q5. Write notes on the
following in about 150 words each.
(a) Hardy-Weinberg
Law.
(b) Sallent features of Mesolithic culture
(c) Concept of race
(d) Age at menarche
(e) Anthropology and designing of equipments.
Q6.
(a) Define
Anthropology. Describe the major branches of Anthropology elaborating on any
one branch.
(b) Bring out the comparative anatomical features of man and apes. Discuss
their evolutionary significance.
(c) What are dating methods? Discuss one absolute method and one relative
methods in detail.
Q7.
(a) Briefly describe
the various methods used in the genetic study of man.
(b) Discuss the responses and acclimatization to high altitude stresses.
(c) Describe the biological and socio-ecological factors affecting fertility
and mortality.
Q8.
(a) What are the
methods of personal identifications? Critically examine how personal
identification helps in criminal investigations.
(b) Describe the various methods of studying growth highlighting their merits
and demerits.
(c) Discuss Sheldon’s method of somatotyping.
ANTHROPOLOGY (Paper-2)
Marks: 250 Time Allowed: 3 Hours
SECTION – A
Q1. Write short notes
on the following in about 150 each.
(a) Neolithic cultures
of South India.
(b) Austro-Asiatic linguistic groups in India.
(c) Varnashram and the concept of Rina.
(d) Ethno-archaeology.
(e) Nature-man-spirit complex
Q2.
(a) Discuss the
contribution of Nirmal kumar Bose to the understanding of Indian society.
(b) Describe the salient features of chalcolthic cultures of the Deccan.
(c) Critically discuss the constitutional safeguards for the Schedule Castes.
Q3.
(a) Discuss the impact
of market economy on the Jajmani system.
(b) Discuss the salient features of Ramapithecus.
(c) Discuss the social, political and economic status of Muslims in India.
Q4.
(a) Explain how
Buddhism influenced the economic and cultural transformations of Indian society.
(b) Describe various aspect of trade and religion of Harappa civilization.
(c) Discuss the impact of media as an instrument of social change.
SECTION B
Q5. Write short notes
on the following in about 150 each.
(a) Indebtedness among
tribal communities.
(b) Ethnicity and regionalism.
(c) Other Backward Class.
(d) Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (earlier known as PTG).
(e) Impact of Christianity on Indian tribes.
Q6.
(a) Describe the
impact of displacement on the health and nutritional status of tribal
communities.
(b) Discuss the emergence, salient features and limitations of Tribal sub-plan.
(c) Give a critical evalution of any one anthropological village study in
India.
Q7.
(a) Critically
evaluate the term ‘tribe’ (as used in India) as compared to the term
‘indigenous’ in some other countries.
(b) Discuss the impact of Panchayati Raj institution on the empowerment of
rural women in India.
(c) Give a critical appraisal of any one tribal development programme during
XIIth Five-Year plan. Give your suggestions for any improvement in the
programme.
Q8.
(a) Give your
assessment of the reasons for the imbalance in the sex-ratio in India.
(b) Discuss the relevance of art and craft traditions in the understanding of
Indian archaeology.
(c) Discuss the contribution of anthropology in understanding the loss of
livelihood of tribal communities due to economic and ecological factors.
UPSC IAS Mains Optional Anthropology
(Paper -1) Exam Paper - 2016
Anthropology Paper 1
SECTION A
1. Write notes on the following in about 150 words each: 10x5=50
marks
(a) Differences
between Social Anthropology and Sociology. 10 marks
(b) Cultural Relativism 10 marks
(c) Lineage and Clan 10 marks
(d) Totemism 10 marks
(e) Functionalism 10 marks
2 (a) Delineate the
salient features of Chalcoloithic cultures. 15 marks
(b) Discuss the impact of urbanization and feminist movements on family in
India. 20 marks
(c) According to Geertz, how does the cock-fight reveal aspects of Balinese
culture? 15 marks
3 (a) Describes the
cardinal points of descent and alliance theories. 20 marks
(b) Discuss different social control mechanisms in simple societies.
15 marks
(c) Critically examine different Anthropological approaches to Religion.
15 marks
4 (a) Discuss the
principles governing production, distribution and exchange in simple societies.
20 marks
(b) How do the concepts of binary opposites and exchange figure in
Levi-Strauss’ structural analysis of kinship? 15 marks
(c) Describe the evolution of Fieldwork tradition in Anthropology.
15 marks
SECTION B
5. Write notes on the following in about 150 words each: 10x5=50 marks
(a) Rh-Blood Group
10marks
(b) Rhodesian Man 10 marks
(c) Neolithic Cultures of India 10 marks
(d) Fertility and Fecundity. 10 marks
(e) Forensic Anthropology. 10 marks
6 (a) Elucidate the
biological and cultural factors in Human evolution. 15 marks
(b) Explain the role of heredity and environment in the formation of
races. 15 marks
(c) Discuss different factors affecting growth and development in human beings.
20 marks
7 (a) Critically
discuss the Mendelian principles and their application to human populations.
15 marks
(b)Explain the significance of screening and counseling for genetic disorders.
15 marks
(c) Describe the scope of Epidemiological Anthropology in the study of
infectious and non-infectious diseases. 20 marks
8 (a) Describe the role
of Anthropology in designing defence and other equipment. 15 marks
(b) Discuss the genetic and non-genetic factors in the bio-cultural adaptations
of human beings to different environments. 20 marks
(c) Explain the skeletal changes due to erect posture and their implications.
15 marks
Anthropology
Paper -2
SECTION-A
1. Write on the following in
about 150 words each: 10x5=50 marks
(a)
Significance of Mesolithic findings from Belan Valley
(b) Linguistic clements in Indian population
(c) Relevance of caste in contemporary Indian politics
(d) Impact of Jainism on Indian society
(e) Ethno-archaeological evidences for the survival of hunting-gathering
traditions in India
2.(a)
Write about the contribution made by Christoph von Fürer-Haimendors to tribal
anthropology in India. 20 marks
(b) Delineate the salient characteristics of 'Narmada Man' and examine its
phylogenetic significance. 15 marks
(c) Discuss how cultural diversity of Indian tribes has enriched its plural
traditions. 15 marks
3.(a)
Examine the structural and cultural theories of caste system in India. 20 marks
(b) Give a critical assessinent of 'Negrito Problemn' in India. 15 marks
(c) Describe the traditional patterns of settlement of Indian villages. 15
marks
4.(a)
Give a detailed appraisal of skeletal remains from Chalcolithic culture of
undivided Punjab. 20 marks
(b) How is process of tribe-caste continuum different from Sanskritization?
Comment. 15 marks
(c) Compare the contribution of L. P. Vidyarthi and D. N. Majumdar to the study
of Indian tribes. 15 marks
SECTION-B
5. Write on the following in
about 150 words each: 10x5=50 marks
(a)
The role that regionalism plays in demand for autonomy among Indian tribes
(b) Bio-genetic variability of Indian tribes
(c) Impact of industrialization on scheduled tribe population of Jharkhand
(d) Tribe as a colonial construct
(e) Anthropological interpretation of ethnic and political movements
6.(a)
Explain Indian village as a social system with suitable examples. 20 marks
(b) Examinc the nature of interplay of little and great traditions in the
context of globalization. 15 marks
(c) Explain the difficulties experienced by scheduled tribes with regard to
implementation of the 'Recognition of Forcat Rights Act, 2006'. 15 marks
7.(a)
Examine the factors responsible for the exploitation of scheduled castes in
India. 20 marks
(b) Discuss the impact of Islam on scheduled tribes of India. 15 marks
(c) Describc how various tribal development programmes and plans have impacted
the process of social transformation among tribes. 15 marks
8.(a)
Write in detail various provisions provided by the Constitution of India for
the scheduled tribes under Vth and Vith Schedules. 20 marks
(b) Critically examine the role of NGOs and missionaries in transformation of
scheduled tribes in Central India. 15 marks
(c) Describe how anthropological knowledge and methods are useful in rural
development. 15 marks
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